The first widely publicized observance of a Memorial Day-type observance after the Civil War was in
Charleston, South Carolina, on May 1, 1865. During the war, Union soldiers who were
prisoners of war
had been held at the Charleston Race Course; at least 257 Union
prisoners died there and were hastily buried in unmarked graves.
[12]
Together with teachers and missionaries, black residents of Charleston
organized a May Day ceremony in 1865, which was covered by the
New York Tribune
and other national papers. The freedmen cleaned up and landscaped the
burial ground, building an enclosure and an arch labeled, "Martyrs of
the Race Course." Nearly ten thousand people, mostly freedmen, gathered
on May 1 to commemorate the war dead. Involved were about 3,000 school
children newly enrolled in freedmen's schools, mutual aid societies,
Union troops, black ministers, and white northern missionaries. Most
brought flowers to lay on the burial field. Today the site is used as
Hampton Park.
[13] Years later, the celebration would come to be called the "First Decoration Day" in the North.
David W. Blight described the day:
"This was the first Memorial Day. African Americans invented Memorial
Day in Charleston, South Carolina. What you have there is black
Americans recently freed from slavery announcing to the world with their
flowers, their feet, and their songs what the war had been about. What
they basically were creating was the Independence Day of a Second
American Revolution.”[14]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_Day#History_of_the_holiday
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